How many bits are required to present the accuracy and linearity of conversions when an analog-to-digital converter (ADC

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The absolute accuracy formula is: N - log2 (EA), wherein EA refers to the absolute error; N refers to converter bits. The linearity formula is: N - log2 (INL), wherein INL refers to the Integral nonlinearity error; N refers to converter bits.

Refer to the ADC electrical characteristics chapter in the relevant Datasheet. The M051DN/DE series is used as example in the following table for illustration.

In the specification, the maximum absolute error is 4 LSB, and the maximum Integral nonlinearity error is 4 LSB.
Thus, the absolute accuracy is 12 bit - log2 (4) = 10 bit.
The linearity is 12 bit - log2 (4) = 10 bit.

For other series, please refer to the relevant Datasheet.